Saint Anselm of Canterbury (c. 1033-1109) |
Theists seek the proof
that God exists while atheists seek
the proof that God doesn’t exist. You’re probably wondering if there is any evidence that God exists (or that he
does not)? Philosophy of religion is
perhaps one of the oldest yet still interesting and controversial branches of
philosophy. Philosophers struggle to find new arguments and proofs for or
against God’s existence – therefore the question arises: who is right?
Philosophy of religion gives many solutions including the classical ontological argument and more powerful cosmological argument. I’ll briefly
explain them and show you their flaws – and as you probably suppose I’ll share
with you my point of view and the argument I find to be the most convincing.
Saint Anselm
of Canterbury (c. 1033-1109) is usually regarded as the author of the
ontological argument for the existence of God. He defines God as “being than
which no greater can be conceived”. Take your time to think it over – such
statement is really tricky and as you’re about to see it leaves us only with
one possible conclusion.
Whether you
believe that a being than which no greater can be conceived exists or not you probably
understand the concept. And since you understand it (the idea), it exists in
your mind. However, a being which
exists not only in your mind but also in the outer world (let’s leave solipsism aside and suppose there is an outer world) is greater than a being which exists
merely in your mind. That would mean that if God existed in your mind only, you
could conceive of a greater being – that would exist in the outer world as
well. And since, according to St Anselm’s definition of God we can’t conceive
of a greater being than God, God does exist. I don’t know what you think of
this argumentation but it might seem to be a bit suspicious and personally
nobody would ever convince me that God exists with this sort of argument mainly
because it does not really refer to the reality – it simply concentrates on
your mind and is in fact a philosophical trick.
So what’s
the cosmological argument all about? Cosmological argument, which is also known
as argument from first cause (primum movens) is connected with
determinism, and uses the following argumentation: every infinite
being has its cause, and causal
chain cannot be infinite therefore primum movens must exist. I don’t know
if you find genealogy to be interesting but most people (without any research)
are able to give names of their great-grandparents. You know that you came to
life probably because your parents fell in love, you know that your more
distant ancestors came to life in the same way (though their marriages might be
arranged). Suppose you have all the needed documents to trace back your roots –
regardless of what your beliefs about the beginning of humankind are you will either
end up with grandpa Adam or grandma Lucy. At some point you will get stuck and
there will be no earthly cause of Adam (and no earthly cause of Big Bang
either). Something (or rather somebody) must have created the first cause
otherwise the infinite chain of events couldn’t have even started. And God
seems to be the one who could be the source of primum movens.
I believe
that philosophical arguments which are designed to prove or disprove God’s
existence are not much of use really. St Anselm defined God as being than which
no greater can be conceived. However, what is very often left unnoticed is that
such definition suggests that God may
be conceived by a human being – and with all due respect to St Anselm I think
that people’s minds lack God’s perfection
and while being God’s creations surely they cannot exceed God’s mental skills and fully
imagine his nature; and since human minds were created by God they are not as
complex as the mind of their creator. Consider the following example. A housefly
is not able to prove that human brains
are built of neurons. It’s not only for the lack of accessibility to the data
(a housefly cannot fully examine a human body) but also for limitations of
mental and language skills. Minds of houseflies’ are highly limited (in comparison
to ours) and therefore are not able to fully conceive the idea of a human brain
and neurons. And if we define God as a being infinitely wise then the
difference between mind of a housefly and mind of a human being is infinitely smaller than the difference between mind of a human being and God.
And this would mean that if God exists no human philosopher is able to prove
that God exists and such inability to prove God’s existence would in fact prove
that he does exist. It means that the only person who is able to prove that God
exists is God himself because he is the only one who can fully understand God’s
nature. Note that inability to prove that God exists is not the same as ability
to prove that God does not exist.
Great atheist philosophers are few in this world. Nevertheless, people are gonna believe if they want to. There is nothing to prove to them. I have read a book called, "conversation with God". In that book it is said that if you think God exists then it does, otherwise not, for it is in your power to create anything you want.
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